Industrial Revolution (word) Claudia Z., Lia G. and Marc M.

 

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

The Industrial Revolution is a historical period of economic and social transformation, between 1760 and 1840, which unleashed unprecedented changes for societies around the world.

It was characterized by the use of new technologies applied to mass production. The first invention that allowed this new form of production was the steam engine, whose fuel was coal.

The beginning of the Industrial Revolution was in England since that country presented the economic, political, social and technological conditions necessary for this great change. By the 19th century, the Industrial Revolution was already part of the societies of Europe, the United States and Japan.

Characteristics:

• Large-scale industrial production, especially of food

• The dominance of the bourgeoisie over the economy and politics, replacing the absolute power of the nobility and giving rise to the social class of the proletariat.

• The development of new industries such as textiles, iron and steel (metals) or mining.

• The substitution of iron for steel,  a harder and more resistant material.

• The development of global trade (due to large production capacity and innovations in land and sea transport).

Stages: 

The industrial Revolution It was divided into two stages: the first from 1750 to 1840, and the second from 1880 to 1914. All these changes brought with them consequences such as:

• Demographic: The population moved from the countryside to the city and increased.

• Economic: Capitalism developed and large companies appeared.

• Social: The proletariat and the social question are born.

• Environmental: The environment deteriorates and the exploitation of the land begins.

Changes in society:

Due to the industrial revolution, society was divided into two fundamental classes: the bourgeoisie or the middle-class: owner of the means of production (factories, machinery, land, etc) and the proletariat or working class: without properties and forced to work for the bourgeoisie.

The peasants ended up going to the cities to work in the factories and making cities grow rapidly.

The enormous development of the economy brought an increase in the wealth of the owners of the industries, and increased the poverty of the workers.

(This characteristic in the production model is still manifested in the current economy, as well as the degradation of resources due to the exploitation).

 

Mining: miners and wives:

 

In the Industrial Revolution, coal was essential for steam engines.

The living conditions of the miners were bad. They work long hours, the security conditions in the factories and mines were very bad and they didn’t have medical insurance.

 

The Industrial Revolution made women highly valued due to their skill in many tasks, especially in the textile sector. But this change didn’t help the lives of women. They increased their salaries and their recognition but working in those conditions made him damage his body quickly.

They become workers with the same hours as men, but receiving the minimum salary.

Like children, who work since they were young in factories.

Industrial Revolution (Lia G., Claudia Z. and Marc M.)

 

Sherlock Holmes (word) Gemma F., Aïda L. and Idoia B.

 Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson are two fictional characters created by Arthur Conan Doyle.

Holmes served as a detective for twenty-three years, of which he shared with Watson seventeen.

1. SHERLOCK HOLMES:

Was a famous detective, he never existed.

He lives in this house with his friend Dr.Watson.

Was born on 6th January 1854.

Description:

He is not very orderly in his daily routine, he is very skilled at dressing up, smokes a pipe, plays the violin masterfully, is an expert beekeeper, an excellent boxer and has a great scientific knowledge, especially in chemistry.

He is a private fiction detective created in 1887 by the British writer Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. He stands out for his intelligence, his skilful use of observation and deductive reasoning to resolve difficult cases.He's an advisory detective, tall, thin, cold, ironic, ingenious, and restless.

(En un principio se iba a llamar Sherrinford).

2. DR.WATSON:

He is a fictional character who accompanies and assists Sherlock Holmes in most of his adventures.

Description:

Watson is a medium-sized, medium-sized man with a square jaw, thick neck and a moustache. Also is flexible, agreeable, competent, open-minded (because he and Sherlock both accept clients of any kind), reliable (as both a friend, and a colleague), curious, adventurous (because accompanies Sherlock on many of his cases and enjoys it.

 

Characters based on real people

The character's name was a tribute to one of Arthur's childhood idols, the physician and philosopher Oliver Wendell Holmes (he was born in 1809 and died in 1904). He is one of the most recognized American writers of the 19th century.

But the character and work methodology of the detective are inspired by another real person, Dr. Joseph Bell (born in 1847 and 1911) known for his capacity for observation.

COMPARISON WITH TV SERIES AND FILMS

Throughout the years, cinema and television have given us different, if not infinite, versions of the famous detective created by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and his charismatic and inseparable companion, Doctor Watson.

SERIES

The Sherlock Holmes series produced by Mark Gattis and Steven Moffat, which can now be seen by Netflix, presents a dynamic and refreshing image of the classic Sherlock, although unlike previous productions, it is set in 21st century London.

The Holmes of our time is a loner, a reader, a musician and a computer scientist willing to use new modern technologies such as GPS, locators, telephones, the Internet and everything that can be used today, although without neglecting the main feature of the original Holmes, the observation.

While the Holmes of the film has a hyperkinetic, fighter and eccentric look.

‘Elementary’ is a CBS series created by Robert Doherty in 2012 that features a contemporary Sherlock (Jonny Lee Miller) living in New York alongside a Watson played by Lucy Liu. Yes, the original part is that Watson is a woman. The series follows the typical self-conclusive (CSI) pattern of solving mysteries in each chapter.

FILMS

The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes' (Alfred L. Werker, 1939) 

Its plot is partially based on the play Sherlock Holmes by William Gillette. The intention of the producer, Darryl F. Zanuck, was in this film to show the greatest virtues and characteristics of Holmes such as his fondness for the violin, his deductive reasoning or his addiction to morphine.

The Hound of the Baskervilles' (1959, Terrence Fisher)

Despite being a high-quality adaptation, it has many more freedoms and differences from the original story especially in the relationship between Mr. de Baskerville and Miss Stapleton.

Sherlock Holmes (Gemma F., Aïda L. and Olalla E.)

Jack the Ripper [word] - Laia Y. and Paula M.

1- Biography Jack the Ripper

Jack the ripper, more known as the best killer in history, his case nowadays is open. The dates when he was born and he died are unknown, the investigation still continues. 

His history began when this character killed women and is unknown why. The investigators recreated scenes of the different cases to know how the women were killed.

2- Cases of murdered womens

Jack The Ripper, was the murderer of at least five women, all prostitutes, near the Whitechapel district of London’s East End. This happened between August and November of 1888. This case is one of the most unsolved mysteries of English crime.

The first one was Mary Nichols, her body was found at 3:40 am, on August 31st 1888. The location is in Buck’s Row, Whitechapel.

Charles Cross found the woman's body way to  work. He found the body under a blanket, seeing a blanket from a distance but as he got closer he realized it was the silhouette of a woman stretched out and thought that she could be dead or drunk. He uncovered the blanket and with two men who also approached to see what was happening, they realized that the woman was almost dead. 

The second victim is Annie Chapman whose body was found in 29 Hanbury Street, Spitalfields at 6 am, september 8th, 1888. She was 47 years old at the time of her death, and had been living at Crossingham's lodging house  where she paid eight pence a night. She appears to have a cordial relationship with the other tenants. At some moment in the month before her death, (different persons, witnesses remembered different dates) there was a discussion between Annie and the lodger Eliza Cooper.

After Annie Chapman, Jack the Ripper killed Elizabeth Stride. It happened at 1 am, the same month as Annie, on the 30th. The location is in Dutfield’s Yard, Barner Street, Whitechapel. Before 6am John Davis, an elderly resident  came downstairs, walked along the small corridor and opened the back door. The view that met his eyes sent emotional horror. A few moments later, two workmen walking followed him along the corridor and looking into the back, they saw the mutilated body of Annie Chapman. Her head was turned looking at the house and her clothes on the floor unloap to her waist, exploring her stockings.

The next one, unfortunately, was Catherine Eddowes, which was found at 1:45 am, September 30th at the same year as the others. This happened in Mitre Square, City of London. When the police found his body in his own room, they saw everything tidy, the murderer was very merciful. 

Aside these victims, there are more: Annie Millwood, Ada Wilson, Emma Smith, Marth Tabram, Whithall Mystery, Annie Farmer, Rose Mylett, Elizabeth Jackson, Alice Mackenzie, Pinchin st.Murder, Frances Coles, Carrie Brown.

3- Investigate and possible authors.

After that, we have a really big list of people who are possible authors of being Jack the Ripper, all of them are men.  As you can see, it’s a really big list and we still don't know which one of them is the author of those murders that we saw before.

Whose names are: Prince Albert Victor, Joseph Barnett, Alfred Napier Blanchard, W.H. Bury, Levis Carroll, David Cohen, Dr. T. Neill Cream, Frederick Deeming, Montague John Druitt, Carl Feigenbaum, Fogelma, George Hutchinson,Hyam Hyams, Jill the ripper, ...

4- Films 

· Jack The Ripper: The London Slasher (2016).

· The Lodger (2009).

· Jack's Back (1988).

· From Hell (2001).

· The Lodger: A Story Of The London Fog (1927).

· Jack The Ripper (1988).

· Whitechapel (2009 - 2013). 

· Ripper Street (2012 - 2016).

5- Conclusion.

Jack the ripper, supposedly, committed suicide just after Mary Jane Kelly’s death.

However, if we take Mary Jane Kelly’s death on 9th November 1888 as the last Ripper murder, then the first and most obvious suspect is a 31-year-old. His body was found floating in the River Thames on 30th December 1888 following reports of him being missing for over a month. Anyway, it’s said that he committed suicide.

By a strange coincidence, the Ripper always attacks at the start and at the end of the month. 

Mary Kelly was murdered on 9th November, and if we follow that pattern it should have been another murder around  the 29th or 30th of November. 

Most likely is that Druitt killed himself around this period.

Maybe The Ripper was committed to an asylum because it’s said that police caught him because the family noticed that he was crazy and quickly had him locked away from the people.

Jack the Ripper [power point] - Laia Y. and Paula M.

 

JACK THE RIPPER (WORD) / Anta.C , Carlota.L and Pau.A

Anta.C , Carlota.L and Pau.A                                                           1 BAT A 

JACK THE RIPPER

Background:

From August 7 to September 10 in 1888, Jack the Ripper terrorized the Whitechapel district in London’s East End. He killed at least five prostitutes and mutilated their bodies in an unusual manner, indicating that the killer had knowledge of human anatomy. Jack the Ripper was never captured, and remains one of England’s and the world’s, most infamous criminals 

Victims: 

Before the five famous murders, Jack the Ripper had been a suspect for two other deaths that happened in Whitechapel. Their name were Martha Tabram and Emma Elizabeth Smith but they didn’t include them on the file of the main five victims, because Elisabeth Smith before dying explained that she had been attacked by two or three men. 

These were five women that were murdered: Mary Ann Nichols, Annie Chapman, Elizabeth Stride, Catherine Eddowes, and Mary Jane Kelly. They were all killed by Jack the ripper because he had killed them in the same way, by cutting their throats and stabbing them on the abdomen. Elisabeth and Catherine were killed the same morning because he was interrupted during the first attack, so he was unsatisfied and killed another woman.

Nicknames: Jack the Ripper did have other names – one popular moniker was 'The Whitechapel Murderer'. To some people, he was also known as Leather Apron.

Where Did the Name Come From?

In September 1888, a letter was received by the Central News Agency. It was written in red ink and boasted about the Ripper’s crimes, ending with a signature from ‘Jack the Ripper’.

October saw a second delivery to the Central News Agency, only this time it was a postcard. Again this message was signed by the Ripper, but it wasn’t until this arrived that the authorities took any notice.

Why Did the Name Stick?

After the letters were sent to the Central News Agency, the police thought it was a hoax until they realized that in the second letter, the writer referred to the first. As they noticed similarities, they became convinced that the sinister mail may have actually been sent by the killer himself. As a result, they released the letters to the public in an attempt to gather more information. Because both the letter and the postcard were signed by Jack the Ripper, the name was adopted by the media and the culprit then became known under that name.

Was This a Good Idea?

Due to the police having very little information on the killer, they hoped that by releasing the letters someone would be able to offer them some further details. Of course, this would have been a gamble as there weren’t any solid clues about the killer’s identity or who it was from. Similarly, the chances of the general public having any valuable information were very small. In actual fact, it later became obvious that perhaps this wasn’t the best decision. For months and years after the letters were released into the public domain, the police received hundreds of letters and postcards addressed from ‘the Ripper’ - something which clearly did not help their investigation.

Jack the Ripper has fascinated the public for years and the tale of his murders is known around the world. Because the killer has been referred to by this name for so long, many people simply don’t question where this nickname first came from - but now you know!

Investigations and possible authors: 

The investigation was very slow and there was no clear suspect, at first it was believed that the murder had knowledge of anatomy, then some sources denied it. The only thing that the police had from the murderer was two letters, the first one is believed to be made by the press, was the one signed by a Jack the Ripper, the second one is believed to be from the real murderer since it was accompanied by a kidney from the victims. Today many people continue to investigate what happened. Of the different suspects, three stand out: 

William Withey Gull: Queen's Victorian doctor. Because he has a knowledge of anatomy.

Aaron Kominski: He was a barber for Whitechapel,. He hated women and had “homicidal tendencies”.

Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale: He stayed with one prostitute from whitechapel, after he had syphilis. He blamed the prostitute for this. 

Montague John Druitt: a man from a “fairly'' good family, although some believed that he was “sexually insane”. He resided next to Whitechapel and he was suicide seven weeks after killed Mary Jane Kelly.

Carl Feigenbaum: Was known to be a psychopath who confessed to mutilating women, he worked next to Whithechapel.

Nowadays the case is open and different people have different theories. 

Films:

There are several films about the whitechapel murders and jack the ripper but the ripper, and from hell are more recent movies. Whitechapel is a series in which some detectives from London dealt with murders that were trying to copy Jack the Ripper. The documentary of Jack the Ripper talks about the suspects, locations and they even recreate some of the crime scenes.  

Methodology:

Did Jack the ripper hate women?

This could be produced by multiple causes, since his mother hit him as a child, until he had a sister who felt contempt for him. All this, moreover, was favored by the type of society in which he lived.

Why did he murder prostitutes?

That he chose to murder women may be associated with misogyny, but that they were prostitutes may be related merely to the ease of committing the crimes. Jack wanted to look for easy prey, women who would approach him on the promise of money and who could be led into dark streets without suspicion. A normal person will not escort a hooded man into a secluded alley, but a prostitute will.

JACK THE RIPPER (POWER POINT) / Anta.C , Carlota.L and Pau.A

Victorian writers and their work (ppt). Laia V, Sakina I, Sofía P. 1batA

 POWER POINT

Victorian writers and their work (word). Laia V, Sakina I, Sofía P. 1batA

WORD

QUEEN VICTORIA. Paula L. Irene S. and Julia L.

 

Queen Victoria. 

IRENE.

Offspring. Grandmother of Europe.

Queen Victoria and his husband have 9 children; 4 sons and 5 daughters.  Her many children had married into many of Europe's royal families, and her numerous grandchildren, once grown, did the same. Victoria had 42 grandchildren across Europe. For that reason they were named Grandmother of Europe. Finally, her sons were killed by the Bolchevics in 1917. One of her grandchildren was the future Queen Victoria of Spain.

A curiosity of the royal family is, the father of Queen Victoria had hemophilia, and some of his descendants who are:  Leopold, Alice, Beatriz, Alekséi and the brothers Alfonso and Gonzalo de Borbón, they have it. 

Hemophilia is a hereditary disease, your blood is very liquid and any part of your body can bleed and you can die.

PAULA

Queen Victoria and prince Albert.

The couple first met at Victoria's 17th birthday when she was heir to the British throne. They were cousins and were introduced by their uncle, king of the Belgians. On February 10, 1840, Queen Victoria married Albert at the Chapel Royal in London. This was the first marriage of a reigning English queen since Queen Mary in 1554.

As Victoria's father had died when she was a child, hers was gifted by her favorite uncle, Prince Augustus Frederick.

After the wedding, the couple traveled to the Queen's residence at Windsor Castle.

Victoria and Albert were married for 21 years, remaining together until the death of Albert on 14 December 1861. After his death, the Queen wore black in mourning for the rest of her life, earning the nickname the 'widow of Windsor'.

For her wedding, Victoria chose to wear a white dress, which was unusual at the time. It was more common for brides to wear gowns of rich colours which could be used again for other occasions. This made the tradition of wearing white dresses at weddings popular.