THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
The Industrial Revolution is a historical period of economic and social transformation, between 1760 and 1840, which unleashed unprecedented changes for societies around the world.
It was characterized by the use of new technologies applied to mass production. The first invention that allowed this new form of production was the steam engine, whose fuel was coal.
The beginning of the Industrial Revolution was in England since that country presented the economic, political, social and technological conditions necessary for this great change. By the 19th century, the Industrial Revolution was already part of the societies of Europe, the United States and Japan.
Characteristics:
Large-scale industrial production, especially of food
The dominance of the bourgeoisie over the economy and politics, replacing the absolute power of the nobility and giving rise to the social class of the proletariat.
The development of new industries such as textiles, iron and steel (metals) or mining.
The substitution of iron for steel, a harder and more resistant material.
The development of global trade (due to large production capacity and innovations in land and sea transport).
Stages:
The industrial Revolution It was divided into two stages: the first from 1750 to 1840, and the second from 1880 to 1914. All these changes brought with them consequences such as:
Demographic: The population moved from the countryside to the city and increased.
Economic: Capitalism developed and large companies appeared.
Social: The proletariat and the social question are born.
Environmental: The environment deteriorates and the exploitation of the land begins.
Changes in society:
Due to the industrial revolution, society was divided into two fundamental classes: the bourgeoisie or the middle-class: owner of the means of production (factories, machinery, land, etc) and the proletariat or working class: without properties and forced to work for the bourgeoisie.
The peasants ended up going to the cities to work in the factories and making cities grow rapidly.
The enormous development of the economy brought an increase in the wealth of the owners of the industries, and increased the poverty of the workers.
(This characteristic in the production model is still manifested in the current economy, as well as the degradation of resources due to the exploitation).
Mining: miners and wives:
In the Industrial Revolution, coal was essential for steam engines.
The living conditions of the miners were bad. They work long hours, the security conditions in the factories and mines were very bad and they didn’t have medical insurance.
The Industrial Revolution made women highly valued due to their skill in many tasks, especially in the textile sector. But this change didn’t help the lives of women. They increased their salaries and their recognition but working in those conditions made him damage his body quickly.
They become workers with the same hours as men, but receiving the minimum salary.
Like children, who work since they were young in factories.
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